The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating inclusive cultures, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable others will become about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022